Legal Protection of Forest Customary Rights in Land Procurement from the Mineral Mining Industry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.blj.2022.009.02.04Keywords:
legal protection, customary forest rights, land provision, mineral mining businessAbstract
This research aims to determine if legal protection is available for the use of forests, which are the customary rights of Adat and Indigenous Community from the mineral mining sector, which demands the use of extremely large territories. Fulfillment the utilizes state-controlled forest land, including protected forests, and industrial forests could be challenges. By considering environmental sustainability, legal protection ensures sustainable growth. To legally maintain customary forest rights, this study employs normative-juridical research utilizing primary and secondary legal sources about the acquisition of land for the mining sector, particularly for mineral mining. Agrarian, forestry, mining, and environmental protection and preservation legislation and decisions of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia on mining are examples of authoritative primary legal texts. All legal publications—including books, dictionaries, journals, and comments on court judgments—are considered secondary legal sources. This study finds that the legal protection of Adat and Indigenous Community’s customary forest rights over the availability of land for mining firms must be profitable, prosperous, and fair for Adat and Indigenous Community members. Adat and Indigenous Community are community associations that live and grow happily together in a hereditary region based on ancestry and similarity of habitation. Forest use for this purpose requires a Borrowing and Use Permit, which must include criteria for periodic, quantitative, and transparent environmental management, and preservation.
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Regulations
Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia
Decree of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia No. XVII/MPR/1998 concerning Human Rights (HAM)
Decree of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia No. IX/MPR/2001 concerning Agrarian Reform and Management of Natural Resources
Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Regulations (LN. 1960-104 TLN.2043);
Law No. 44 Prp. 1960 concerning Oil and Gas Mining was Replaced by Law no. 22/2001 on Oil and Gas.
Law No. 11 of 1967 concerning Basic Mining Provisions, updated by Law no. 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining (State Gazette No. 4 of 2009).
Law No. 41 of 1999 in conjunction with Law No. 19 of 2004 concerning Government Regulation In Lie Of Law No. 1 of 2004 concerning Amendments to Law no. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry into Law.
Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management (PPLH), which was previously regulated in Law no. 23 of 1997 concerning Environmental Management (PLH), which is a refinement of Law no. 4 of 1982 concerning Basic Provisions for Environmental Management.
Government Regulation No. 23 of 2010 concerning the Implementation of Mineral and Coal Mining Business Activities which was later amended by Government Regulation no. 24 of 2012 concerning the Implementation of Mineral and Coal Mining Business Activities which was later amended the second by Government Regulation no. 01 of 2014 concerning the Implementation of Mineral and Coal Mining Business Activities.
Government Regulation No. 22 of 2010 concerning Mining Areas.
Government Regulation No. 55 of 2010 concerning the Guidance and Implementation of Mineral and Coal Mining Business Management.
Decisions related to the constitutional issue of recognizing the rights of indigenous communities (recognition of indigenous communities), there are 3 cases, namely:
Decision of the Constitutional Court (MK) No. 06/PMK/2005 related to the Protection of Legal Preservation of Natural Resources.
Decision of the Constitutional Court (MK) No. 35/PUU-X/2012 related to the Review of the Forestry Law
Decision of the Constitutional Court (MK) No. 55/PUU-VIII/2010 and No. 122/PUU-XIII/2015 related to Review of the Plantation Law and the rights of indigenous peoples (ADAT AND INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY).
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