The Roles of International Law on Technological Advances
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.blj.2018.005.01.07Keywords:
roles of International Law, technological advancesAbstract
The study focuses on the roles of International Law in responding to the technological advances, particularly examining the International Law as a regulator on emerging technology. The technological advances, especially in the means and method of war and environmental issues, have been contributing to the development of International Law. It is a normative legal research using the secondary data including primary and secondary legal materials. While the primary legal materials consist of all the international agreement related to the development of technology both directly and indirectly, secondary ones included the references having correlation and support to the issues. The technique of analysis data used legal interpretation. The study concludes that as a regulator of technological advances, International Law has a role to play in regulating its development. Many facts showed that International Law has capability to respond to the challenges. However, the scope and application of International Law is subject to a number of limitations inherent the nature of International Law itself.
References
Books
Bianchi, Andrea, Non-State Actors and International Law, (New York: Ashgate, 2009)
Birnie, Patricia; Alan Boyle, and Catherine Redgwell, International Law and the Environment, Third Edition, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009)
Brierly, J. L. The Law of the Nations: An Introduction to the International Law of Peace. (Clarendon Press, 1963)
Brolmann, Catherine and Janne Nijman, Legal Personality as A Fundamental Concept of International Law. Amsterdam Law School Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2016-43, (Amsterdam Center for International Law, University of Amsterdam, 2017).
Crawford, James, The International Law Commission’s Articles on State Responsibility: Introduction, Text, and Commentaries, (United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2002)
Hillier, Tim, Sourcebook on Public International Law. London, (Sydney: Cavendish Publishing Limited, 1998)
Gray, Christine, International Law and The Use of Force, Third Edition, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008)
Henckaerts, Jean-Marie and Louise Doswald-Beck, Customary International Humanitarian Law, Volume 1 Rules, International Committee of the Red Cross. (United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, 2005)
Higgins, R., Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2003)
Lin, Albert C. “International Legal Regime and Principles Relevant to Geoengineeringâ€, in Wil C.G. Burns and Andrew L. Strauss (Eds), Climate Change Geoengineering: Philosophical Perspective, Legal Issues, and Governance Frameworks, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013)
OECD, Innovation and the Environment, (Paris: OECD Proceeding on Workshop of Innovation and the Environment, 2000)
Rayfuse, Rosemary, “Public International Law and the Regulation of Emerging Technologies†in Roger Brownsword et al (Eds), The Oxford Handbook of Law, Regulation, and Technology, (United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2017)
Sachs, Jeffry D., The Age of Sustainable Development, (New York: Columbia University Press, 2015)
Sands, Philippe and Jacqueline Peel, Principles of International Environmental Law, Third Editions (United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2012).
Schutter, Olivier de., International Human Rights Law, Second Editions, (Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, 2014)
Roberts, Adam and Richard Guelff, Documents on the Laws of War, Third Edition, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)
Solis, Gary D, The Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010)
Journal Articles
Allenby, Braden R. “Are New Technologies Undermining the Laws of War?†(2014) 70 Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
Bassiouni, M. C. “A Functional Approach to ‘General Principles of International Law’â€, (1990) 11 Minch. J. Int’l L. 768, Available at: http://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol11/iss3/3
Corner, Adam and Nick Pidgeon, ‘Geoengineering the Climate: The Social and Ethical Implication’, (2010) 52 1 Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development.
Ferretti, Maria Paola, ‘Risk and Distributive Justice: The Case of Regulating New Technology’ (2010) 16 3 Science and Engineering Ethics.
Hessbruegge, Jan., ‘The Historical Development of the Doctrines of Attribution and Due Diligence in International Law’, (2004) 36 4 N Y Univ J Int Law Polit.
Hoppit, Julian, ‘Understanding the Industrial Revolution’, (1987) 30 1 The Historical Journal.
International Law Commission (ILC), Draft Article on Prevention of Transboundary Harm from Hazardous Activities, with Commentaries, Doc. A/56/10 (2001).
Johnston, Douglas M., ‘Law, Technology, and the Sea’, (1967) 449 55 Cal. L. Rev. Available at: http://scholarship.law.barkeley.edu/californialawreview/vol55/iss2/5.
Oldham, Paul; Stephen Hall; Geoff Burton, ‘Synthetic Biology: Mapping the Scientific Landscape’, (2012) 7 4 PLOS One.
Porter, Michael E., ‘America’s Green Strategy’, (1991) 264 4 Scientific American.
Schwab, Klaus, ‘The Fourth Industrial Revolution: What it Means, how to Respond’, World Economic Forum, January 14, 2016, available at www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond.
Singer, Peter, ‘Ethics and the Limits of Scientific Freedom’, (1996) 79 2 The Monist.
Stilgoe, Jack; Richard Owen, and Phil Macnaghten, ‘Developing a Framework for Responsible Innovation’, (2013) 42 9 Research Policy.
Vries, Jan De, ‘The Industrial Revolution and the Industrious Revolution’, (1994) 54 2 The Journal of Economic History.
Wiener, Jonathan B., ‘The regulation of technology, and the technology of regulation’, (2004) 26 Technology in Society.
Wilson, Grant., ‘Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies through International Law’ (2013) 31 Va. Envtl. L. J. 308 .
Conventions
The 1868 St Petersburg Declaration Renouncing the Use, In Time of war, of Explosive Projectilles Under 400 Grammes Weight, 11 December 1868, enter into force 11 December 1868, LXVI UKPP (1868) 659.
The 1925 Geneva Protocol for the Prohibition of Poisonous Gases and Bacteriological Methods of Walfare, 17 June 1925, enter into force 8 February 1928, XCIV LNTS (1929) 65-74.
The 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 23 May 1969, enter info force 27 January 1980, 1155 UNTS 331.
The 1972 United Nations Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction, 10 April 1972, enter into force 26 March 1975, 1015 UNTS 163 (1976).
The 1976 Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use for Environmental Modification Techniques.
The 1980 United Nations Convention on Prohibition or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, 10 October 1980, enter into force 2 December 1983, 1342 UNTS 3.
The 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity, 5 June 1992, enter into force 29 December 1993, 1760 UNTS 79.
The 1993 Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling, and Use of Chemical Weapons, 3 September 1992, enter into force 29 April 1997, 1974 UNTS 317.
The 1995 Protocol IV to the United Nations Convention on Prohibition or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, on Blinding Laser Weapons 1995, enter into force 30 July 1998, 35
International Legal Materials 1218 (1996).
The 1996 Amended Protocol II to the United Nations Convention on Prohibition or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and
Other Devices, 3 May 1996, enter into force 3 December 1998, 35 International Legal Materials 1206-1217 (1996).
The 2000 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity, 29 January 2000, enter into force 11 September 20013, 39 International Legal Materials 1027 (2000).
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2012. 21 Issues for the 21st Century: Results of the UNEP Foresight Process on Emerging Environmental Issues. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Brawijaya Law Journal : Journal of Legal Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
